Dollar General, Dollar Tree and Kroger charge cash-back fees: CFPB

Three of the nation’s largest retailers — Dollar General, Dollar Tree and Kroger — charge fees to customers who ask for “cash back” at check-out, amounting to more than $90 million a year, according to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.

Many retailers offer a cash-back option to consumers who pay for purchases with a debit or pre-paid card.

But levying a fee for the service may be “exploiting” certain customers, especially those who live in so-called banking deserts without easy access to a bank branch or free cash withdrawals, according to a CFPB analysis issued Tuesday.

That dynamic tends to disproportionately impact rural communities, lower earners and people of color, CFPB said.

Not all retailers charge cash-back fees, which can range from $0.50 to upwards of $3 per transaction, according to the agency, which has cracked down on financial institutions in recent years for charging so-called “junk fees.”

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Five of the eight companies that the CFPB sampled offer cash back for free.

They include Albertsons, a grocer; the drugstore chains CVS and Walgreens; and discount retailers Target and Walmart. (Kroger proposed a $25 billion merger with Albertsons in 2022, but that deal is pending in court.)

“Fees to get cash back are just one more nickel and dime that all starts to add up,” said Adam Rust, director of financial services at the Consumer Federation of America, an advocacy group.

“It just makes it harder and harder to get by,” he said. “It’s thousands of little cuts at a time.”

A spokesperson for Dollar General said cash back can help save customers money relative to “alternative, non-retail options” like check cashing or ATM fees.

“While not a financial institution, Dollar General provides cashback options at our more than 20,000 stores across the country as a service to customers who may not have convenient access to their primary financial institution,” the spokesperson said.

Spokespeople for Kroger and Dollar Tree (which operates Family Dollar and Dollar Tree stores) didn’t respond to requests for comment from CNBC.

Kroger, Dollar General and Dollar Tree were respectively the No. 4, 17 and 19 largest U.S. retailers by sales in 2023, according to the National Retail Federation, a trade group.

More than 12 million people — about 3.8% of the U.S. population — lived in a banking desert in 2023, according to the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.

That figure is up from 11.5 million, or 3.5% of the population, in 2019, it found.

Generally speaking, a banking desert constitutes any geographic area without a local bank branch. Such people don’t live within 10 miles of a physical bank branch. The rise of digital banking, accelerated by the Covid-19 pandemic, has led many banks to close their brick-and-mortar store fronts, according to Lali Shaffer, a payments risk expert at the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta.

These deserts “may hurt vulnerable populations” who are already less likely to have access to online and mobile banking, she wrote recently.

Merchants must pay fees to banks whenever customers swipe a debit card or credit card for purchases. Those fees might be 2% to 4% of a transaction, for example.

Since cash-back totals are included in the total transaction price, merchants also pay fees to banks on any cash that consumers request.

The “vast majority” of retailers don’t charge for cash back, and therefore take a financial loss to offer this service to customers for free, said Doug Kantor, general counsel at the National Association of Convenience Stores and a member of the Merchants Payments Coalition Executive Committee.

“Banks have abandoned many of these communities and they’re gouging retailers just for taking people’s cards or giving people cash,” he said.

But consumer advocates say this calculus overlooks the benefit that retailers get by offering cash back,

“You’d think they’d see this as a free way to get customers: coming into [the] store because the bank branch isn’t there,” Rust said. “Instead they’re going ahead and charging another junk fee.”